The former Soviet states and Balkan countries are the main targets of the Kremlin’s Pravda disinformation network, according to a new study by the Center for Information, Democracy, and Citizenship at the American University in Bulgaria. Its experts studied over 640,000 online publications between December 2024 and March 2025.
They found that the former Soviet countries and the Balkans accounted for 52% of the total disinformation publications – despite these regions representing a disproportionately small part of the population among the participating countries in the study.
In particular, the top three countries most exposed to Pravda disinformation are Moldova, Latvia, and Estonia, while Serbia and Armenia also make the top five.
Lithuania, Georgia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and the Czech Republic make up the top ten.